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Bioethics bridge between science and humanities Problems with transplants

" There are two c ul tur as-science and humanities, which seem incapable of talking to each other and if it is part of the reason that the future of h umana is uncertain , then we could possibly build a "bridge to the future" (the subtitle of the book) to build the discipline of bioethics as a bridge between two cultures. Ethical values \u200b\u200bcan not be separated from biological facts. Humanity urgently needs a new wisdom that will provide the "knowledge of how to use the knowledge" for human survival and improved quality of life. "

This is a famous quotation that opens the preface of the work written in 1971 by the American Humanist oncologist and Van Rensselaer Potter (left.) The question for the first time the issue of bioética.El Title is; Bioethics. bioethics in this work is defined as a bridge between cultures and a bridge that brings us closer not only among us, but also a new way of life, understood as the best based on the advance of progress.

Bioethics can be defined in different ways but with a similar meaning as the philosophical meddling in matters of life (bio-ethics). Creating a new discipline that combines biological knowledge with human values, or philosophy is subordinate to science, science nor philosophy could also be defined as an aid to scientists and the whole society to take another view of the world, to look through another prespective.

• Fundamental Principles of Bioethics

1. Human life is inviolable.
2. Union between true-life-freedom.
3. Science, technology and progress in the service of man.
4. Not everything that is technically possible may be considered morally permissible.
5. The epistemological status of science. (Or scientific knowledge)
6. The end justifies the means.
7. The golden rule of bioethics: treat others as one would like to be treated.
8. Science, technology and progress in the service of life.


Source: http://arboldemedicina.blogspot.com/

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transplantation is a complex medical treatment. Allows organs, tissues or cells of a person to replace organs, tissues or cells from another person sick. In some cases, this action serves to save his life, in others to improve the quality of life or both.

preferential treatment for a large proportion of people with terminal failure of major organs, is the transplantation of organs. The organ transplantation programs for people with terminal kidney failure, heart, lungs or liver have been conducted for many years and now have a high success rate. An increasing number of transplants continues to live twenty years after the operation, and most survive for at least five years.

This matter has been some moral evolution. Evolution responds to the development of philosophical and theological conceptions of the human being, responsibility ethics body, the progress of medical technology, etc ... The issue of transplantation has been considered beyond any mutilation, marketing and instrumentalization of the human body. Ethical standards that now guide the trial is based on integrity and identity of the individual within the community context. We consider then the moral evaluation four types of transplants:

• autoplastic Transplantation, autologous autograft or

is the transfer of tissue from one place to another within the same agency, also called an autograft. In assessing moral no problem, since, according to the principle of totality, you can sacrifice some for the good of the whole organism. It is important that there is a reasonable justification and proportionality between the risks and benefits. It is noteworthy that those transplants for cosmetic surgery pose no moral problems when there are physical reasons that have psychological impact on the appearance interrelation between the individual and his personal evolution.

• Xen or transplantation or Heterotransplantation

transplant tissue or organ of an animal to the human body. Poses no moral problem for the world animal is "in the service of man. This type of transplant would be objectionable if it implied a change in the man's personal identity or a serious disruption of its complexity.

• Allogeneic or

homograft transplantation in two different bodies but the same species, one must distinguish between vital and non vital organs.
are vital organs or tissues which, in his absence, do not put the donor at risk of death or imminent death, namely, among others: blood transfusion, skin fragments, small fragments of bone, tendon segments, etc ... Their morality is a dye positive as is a sign of human solidarity.
Vital organs can be simple or unique bodies and organs doubles. Organ transplantation simple or unique would be tantamount to murder. It is morally unacceptable. In the case of a vital organ transplant has twice been a subject of study and discussion among Catholic moralists. Win acceptance because of the principles of charity, the principle of totality, the principle of human solidarity and Christian, etc ...

• After homoplastic of dead plant

transplantation of an organ donor is a body which is not considered a moral problem, provided to avoid two extremes: first, considering the body as a thing, without due respect it deserves means a human body, secondly the excessive reverence to the degree of par with a human. If the body of a dead body may keep alive a sick or dying, the transplant did not go against the body but would humanity of the deceased. However, it has to respect the emotional burden of family and friends of the sensitivity and charity difunto.Será take into account the prior will of the deceased and, failing that, the next of kin. It is certain the legality of removing an organ from a cadaver to benefit a patient, and can sometimes become mandatory but a moral responsibility is not one that is based on the charge, but in the invitation to growth and sensitivity to others' pain.


is one last type of transplant is syngeneic and occurs when the donor and recipient are identical twins or identical twins. In this case both individuals are genetically identical and completely avoids the problem of rejection.

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Controversy in Spain by the new abortion law

The English government has recently launched more than a week the process for legalizing "abortion on demand" up to 14 weeks of gestation, and for all women from 16 years of age.

This controversial initiative, which was presented yesterday by the Socialist administration through the Ministry of Gender, seek to decriminalize "in full" the practice of abortion in Spain, regulated in 1985. And it could generate another storm front with the Catholic Church.

"No woman undergoing an abortion may be punished with jail," said Minister Bibiana Aido yesterday, at the conclusion of the report to be approved today by the government of José Luis Rodríguez Zapatero, before being sent to Parliament. "With this proposal we guarantee to women who decide to terminate her pregnancy she can do so freely and legal certainty within well defined limits and assumptions, "said the official, noting that the law will also encourage" prevention through sexual and emotional education, and contraception. "

This project was driven by 6 months ago the government and discussed by a committee of recognized experts in favor of abortion, suggests that the ultimate decision of termination of pregnancy fall more on women than on the physician involved, unlike the current law .

In this way, abortion is "free" in that regard until the fourteenth week of pregnancy, although it is expected there is a "reflection period" for 3 days for women to consider changing his mind and move on with her pregnancy. The time limit for abortions was maintained until 22 weeks of pregnancy in the case of malformation in the fetus, but the committee proposed to postpone this limit until the last days of gestation. The 1985 law also allows the termination to the twelfth week if the pregnancy is caused by rape.

passed, the legislation will force public hospitals to refer to a specialist unit for women seeking abortion, so that the right of doctors to conscientious objection does not lead to pregnant to perform this operation at a private clinic.

This last point, together with the possibility of pregnancy is allowed girls from the age of 16 without the consent of their parents, was being resisted by the sectors that oppose the decriminalization of abortion.

In this sense, the group Students for Social Awareness (UCS) demonstrated yesterday outside the Faculty of Law, Complutense University, where he read a statement in which he denounced "the inaction of politicians to the violation of human rights, especially the "little guy." Organizers announced the launch an anti-abortion campaign with giant posters placed on the sides of buses. "Why you can be born and I, we're all equal. Abortion is not" be read into this propaganda.

Blanco called the practice of abortion as a "structural violence against pregnant women sexist." For the moment, abortion is legal in Spain only three cases: rape (up to 12 weeks), fetal malformation (until 22) and serious risk to physical or mental health of the mother (without term). A law of deadlines mean that the woman could abort without benefit to any of these three cases to a particular week of gestation. Something that for some sectors, would conflict with the Constitution because, they say, women's rights prevail over that, theoretically, have the unborn.